How Long Do People With Aids Live – HIV-positive people are living longer lives. Many people living with HIV can expect to live like their peers who do not have HIV.
Studies show that a person living with HIV has the same life expectancy as an HIV-negative person – provided they are diagnosed on time, have good access to medical care and adhere to their HIV treatment.
How Long Do People With Aids Live
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Many factors can affect the life expectancy of people living with HIV. Depending on these and other factors, results vary between individuals.
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Specifically, it is the average number of years a person of a certain age is expected to live if current mortality rates remain in effect. It is an estimate calculated by looking at the current state of a group of people and projecting them into the future.
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But HIV is a relatively new disease and HIV treatment is a rapidly changing area of medicine. So it is hard to know whether our current experience will be an accurate guide to the future.
At this time, a large number of people in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s are living with HIV. The current mortality rate is very low, resulting in encouraging figures for future life expectancy. But we have little experience of people living with HIV into their 70s or 80s, so we know little about the effects of HIV later in life.
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In addition, healthcare for people with HIV is likely to improve in the future. People living with HIV would benefit from better anti-HIV drugs that have fewer side effects, are easier to take and are more effective at suppressing HIV. Doctors’ understanding of how to prevent and treat heart disease, diabetes, cancer and other conditions in people with HIV is improving. This may mean that people actually live longer than our current estimates suggest.
When reading about life expectancy, it is important to note that researchers do not always have access to all relevant information. For example, they generally did not know how physically active people were, if they smoked or if they used drugs.
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Although these factors have a huge impact on health, there is no data to estimate the exact life expectancy of each. So there are estimates of HIV diagnosis and CD4 count by age in people, but we don’t have estimates that also take lifestyle and social factors into account.
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It is important to remember that the life expectancy figures are averages. The unique combination of circumstances in each person’s life – including health, lifestyle and social circumstances – will affect the actual years of a person’s life. It can be above or below average.
A study published in 2014 looked at the outcomes of more than 20,000 adults who started HIV treatment in the UK between 2000 and 2010. The analysis did not include people who inject drugs, who tend to have worse outcomes than other people, but included a wide range of adults who otherwise live with HIV.
The main finding was that people who had a good initial response to HIV treatment had a better life expectancy than people in the general population.
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Specifically, a 35-year-old man who had a CD4 cell count above 350 and an undetectable viral load (below 400 copies/ml) one year after starting HIV treatment could expect to live to age 81. An elderly man with similar results was predicted to live to age 83 after one year of treatment. In the general population at this time, men in these age groups were expected to live between 77 and 78 years.
A 35-year-old woman and a 50-year-old woman can expect to live to be 83 and 85 with similar results. This can be compared to 82 and 83 years in the general population.
People who had a CD4 count between 200 and 350 and an undetectable viral load one year after starting treatment had a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Among men, a 35-year-old and a 50-year-old can expect to live 78 and 81 years, respectively. Among women, a 35-year-old and a 50-year-old were predicted to live 81 and 83 years, respectively.
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“The life expectancy of a person living with HIV is the same as that of an HIV-negative person – provided they are diagnosed early, have good access to medical care and are able to adhere to their HIV treatment.”
Life expectancy was slightly shorter for those who did not have a very good initial response to treatment. The results were broadly similar in each of the following scenarios: a CD4 count below 200 and an undetectable viral load, a CD4 count between 200 and 350 and a detectable viral load, and a CD4 above 350 and a detectable viral load.
A 35-year-old person with any of these results can expect to live to be 70–72 years old. A 50-year-old man was predicted to live 75–77 years. Women of the same age can expect to live about two years longer than men.
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Some of the people in the study had a poor initial response to treatment—after a year, their CD4 counts were less than 200 and their viral load was undetectable. In this case, a 35-year-old man was expected to live 61 years and a 50-year-old man 69 years. Women of the same age were expected to live for 64 and 71 years, respectively.
Today, very few people in the UK die as a direct result of HIV. When deaths do occur, they usually occur in the first year after diagnosis and include people who were diagnosed with HIV too late, when they were already very sick with HIV. In many of these cases, the person did not visit an HIV clinic or receive HIV treatment, or did so only irregularly.
Although people living with HIV now have the same or similar life expectancy as HIV-negative people, studies show that they may spend fewer of their years in good health. People living with HIV typically have higher rates of diseases associated with aging, such as heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and kidney disease. An American study showed that people living with HIV were on average 16 years earlier than those not living with HIV. As with life expectancy, this is likely to depend on a combination of factors including HIV and its treatment, socio-economic circumstances and lifestyle. For more information, see our health issues and aging pages.
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With the right treatment and care, most people living with HIV in the UK will have more or less normal lives. Very few people in the UK become ill or die as a direct result of HIV.
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A test that measures the number of CD4 cells in the blood and thus indicates the state of the immune system. A person who does not have HIV can have a CD4 cell count of between 500 and 1500. When an adult’s CD4 count falls below 200, there is a high risk of opportunistic infections and serious illness.
A level of viral load that is too low to be picked up by the specific viral load test used, or below an agreed limit (such as 50 copies/ml or 200 copies/ml). An undetectable viral load is the first goal of antiretroviral therapy.
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Measurement of the amount of virus in a blood sample, reported as the number of HIV RNA copies per milliliter of blood plasma. Viral load is an important indicator of the progression of HIV and how well treatment is working.
When viral load can be detected, it indicates that HIV is replicating in the body. If the person is taking HIV treatment but their viral load is known, the treatment is not working well. There may still be a risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners.
The determination that a patient has a particular disease or condition through evaluation of their medical history, clinical symptoms, and/or laboratory test results.
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In fact, the leading causes of illness and death among people living with HIV are now the same as in the general population. They include heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. People living with HIV may develop these conditions earlier than people who do not have HIV.
A wide range of factors affect your risk of developing these conditions. Some of them are things you can’t change, like your age, a family history of certain diseases, or having HIV.
Other risk factors are within your power to change. You can increase your life expectancy by not smoking, being physically active, eating a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive alcohol or drug use, and staying socially connected.
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Thanks to Dr Julie Fox, Dr Valerie Delpeck, Professor Margaret May and Professor Carolyn Sabin for their advice. The life expectancy of a person living with HIV has improved dramatically in recent years. Thanks to advances in treatment, namely antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV can
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