(wow) Words Of Wonders Level 1225 Answers – This is the fourth part of George R. R. Martin's four-part look (I, II, III, IV) at the Dothraki
. In particular, we examine whether Martin's claim that the Dothraki are “an amalgamation of many steppe and plains cultures” can be held against even basic knowledge of the historical steppe and nomadic peoples of the Great Plains.
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We concluded last week that the vast majority of Dothraki culture, social organization, economic practices, and family are essentially completely independent of the historical realities of almost any of the literally dozens of historical Native Americans of the Great Plains or steppe nomads. We'll wrap up our look this week by discussing the Dothraki War. We'll start with the visuals – weapons and armor – and then move on to the concept – strategy, operations and tactics.
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Finally, as a reminder of what we're researching, the key claim we're really evaluating here is George R.R. Swallow:
The Dothraki formed as an amalgam of many steppe and plains cultures…Mongols and Huns, of course, but also Alans, Sioux, Cheyennes, and various other Indian tribes…spiced with a bit of pure imagination.
Of a fantasy culture that attracts our attention, but a clear statement that this fantasy culture is not only inspired by but “formed as an amalgam” of real cultures that both existed in the past
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, with only “a little pure imagination”. This line is important to be clear because it depicts the fictional Dothraki making claims about historical natives and Eurasian nomads, and coupled with Martin's claims that he relies on history to inform his work, this claim is based on a historical fact.
85, 86, 327, 493, 555, 556, 559, 560, 596, 597, 669, 674); of these, the arakh is obviously the most important (I'm sure I've missed a mention of weapons here and there, but I hope the excerpts here give you an idea of the relative weight given to each –
And he gave the waiting slave all the other weapons he had with him
In the narrative it is emphasized by the fact that it is the only one of those weapons whose name we learn in Dothraki or which is described in terms of special form or function (
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We can dismiss this as a mere coincidence from Daenerys' point of view – that as Westeros she focuses on the weapons that matter most to Westeros – but that's obviously not true. After all, offering a pea is Daenerys' way of loyal followers showing their loyalty, in a ceremony that is distinctly Dothraki, not Western (
, 674). I should note that this is also the only weapon used by a non-Dothraki that is clearly identified as alien and Dothraki-specific. It remains unique in the eyes of many characters from the point of view, including the military.
(By the way, now that we've gotten this far, it seems obvious, but it's worth saying that the fact that Martin doesn't have a spiked Dothraki character in his narrative isn't a saving grace, it just reinforces the “savage culture view” from the outside.) As we'll see, this makes sense given what appear to be the actual inspirations for his portrayal).
The sharp iron (or steel) curved sword lets you immediately rule out the Great Plains Native American inspiration for this set. the sword was never an important part of Plains Native weaponry (the lack of tool metal production in America before European contact means there was no Native swordfighting tradition, although the maquahuitl represents an ingenious type of “sharp knife” design). Even after contact, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the replacement cost of the sword is not justified by its utility compared to the steel axe, which can also function as a tool (for axes, see W. Lee, ” The Military Native North American Revolution: Firearms, Forts, and Politics” in
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Per se, but their proportions and meanings are confused, and another far more important weapon is missing.
For a steppe nomad, by far the most important weapon was the bow. The Armenians literally called the Mongols “a nation of archers” (May,
42-49) and was the only necessary weapon. So substantial, in fact, that nomads generally had to have plenty. THE
States that nomadic Hitan warriors must have had four bows and 400 arrows, while John de Plano Carpini states that all Mongols must have 2-3 bows and three larger quivers (May,
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49-50). The Steppe bow would appear unusual in both form and construction to a Westeros observer, whether unstrung or unstrung: they were composite bows made from a wooden core, horn base, and a stiff point (called
In Arabic) and were usually designed with a thumb loop to reduce thumb strain (May,
, 50-1). This unique design allowed these bows to achieve a draw weight and fire energy equivalent to the much larger holly bows of England and Wales, while being compact enough to be used from a horse.
Via Wikipedia, 13th century Mongolian horse archer. Lightly armed, carrying a bow (and stylish hat) but no sword.
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The most important weapon for the nomadic Native Americans riding the Great Plains, at least until they competed with firearms, although I understand that Native American bows were not as powerful as steppe bows).
From Wikipedia, a modern day Mongolian woman participating in an archery match. You can see here the unique shape and luxurious construction of the Steppe bow (notice how different the materials are on the points, belly and back of the bow) that puts so much power into such a small frame.
! The Khitan recipes I mentioned included four bows, two spears (one “long” and one “short”), a knife, an ax, and a mace, but no sword. John de Plano Carpini describes the complete set as two or three bows with quivers, axe, strings and swords
, 50). More generally, May notes that spears (used as lances) appear universal in Mongol accounts, but “accounts conflict as to whether these [swords] were commonly used” (May,
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, the Mongol lasso, could have been used in battle – and could – we have no conclusive evidence for this. If it was ever a weapon, it doesn't seem to matter.
Briefly, while the Dothraki's weapons were the sword, the whip, and the bow in that order, the Mongol's primary weapon was his bow, followed by his backup bow, followed by his second backup bow, followed by his his spear and then an axe, and only then the sword, if he has it, and he may not have it. The reason you prefer the ax or spear to the lowly nomad should come as no surprise: iron in large quantities can be hard to come by on the steppe. Spears and axes are not only weapons, but also useful hunting and survival tools. swords are generally just weapons. Nomads generally cannot work metals themselves, so swords would have to be imported. Moreover, even in hand-to-hand combat, the spear was used first, the range of which on horseback was a huge advantage, making the sword a luxury spare weapon imported from abroad without any additional utility. However, it is clear that the steppe nomads, once successful and moved to rural areas, loved to acquire swords – swords are effective weapons! – but the sword was the furthest thing from the core of Mongol culture
Via Wikipedia, a relatively late Mongol soldier (circa 1755) however shows an almost complete set including mail shields, a long spear for use on horseback, arrows (the bow of the case would be on the other side) and since it is the 18th century, musket.
Another problem, of course, is the arakh itself. Martin describes the weapons as “blades long and razor sharp, half sword, half scythe” (
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, 245). It seems to be widely believed that what Martin is referring to is something like a worm (admittedly I haven't found Martin saying this anywhere, but I'll take the reader's concurrence). A kind of scimitar (the term does not refer to a particular form of sword, but to a whole family of curved swords, almost all of which originate in Asia) is a real sword. Mongol swords were, as Giovanni de Palno Carpini tells us, “targeted
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